Hypatia of Alexandria :: essays research papers

Hypatia of Alexandria Hypatia was born in 370 A.D. in Alexandria, Egypt. From that day on her life was one enriched with a passion for knowledge. Theon, Hypatia’s father whom himself was a mathematician, raised Hypatia in an environment of thought. Both of them formed a strong bond as he taught her his own knowledge and shared his passion in the search of answers to the unknown. Under her fathers discipline he developed a physical routine for her to ensure a healthy body as well as a highly functional mind. Her father instructed her on the different religions of the world and how to influence people with the power of words. Also taught her the fundamentals of teaching so she could be a profound orator. From the teachings of her father, she to became a mathematician and philosopher which she was recognized the head of the Neo-Platonist school of philosophy at Alexandria. Due to her eloquence, modesty, and beauty, combined with her remarkable intellectual gifts, she attracted a large number of pupils . Her students were aristocratic young men, both Pagan and Christian, who rose to occupy influential civil and eccelestrastical positions. They considered Hypatia as their â€Å"divine guide† into the realm of philosophical and cosmic mysteries, which included mathematics. She combined the principles of free thinking and the ideal of pure living. She was known for her prudence, moderation, and self control, and for her ease of manner and her beauty. She was recognized as an eloquent teacher and by 390 A.D. her circle of influence was well-established. She also symbolized learning and science which in time of Western history were largely identified by early Christians with Paganism. As such, she was the focal point in the tension and riots between Christians and non-Christians that racked more than once in Alexandria. In this time Cyril roused negative sentiment toward Orestes and Orestes was attacked by 500 Nitrian monks. Due to Cyril and his negativity and what he caused to happen to Orestes, Hypatia fell victim to the political hostilities due to being a close associate of Orestes and was undoubtedly defamed by Cyril. Admiration for her became resentment and she was perceived as an obstacle to the conciliation of Orestes and Cyril. Being as that, Cyril began planning Hypatia’s most crucial death. In 415 A.D., during Lent, while riding in her chariot through the streets of Alexandria, she was attacked upon by a fanatical mob of antipagan Christians.

Fifty Shades of Normal

Fifty Shades of Normal Since its publication in 1996, Robe Harrier's book It's Perfectly Normal has appeared on the American Library Association list of challenged books. It's Perfectly Normal was the LA'S #1 Most Challenged Book of 2005. The book is intended for ages 10 and up, and it explains the various physical and psychological changes that occur during puberty including information about sex and sexual health. The books text is paired with cartoonist illustrations by Michael Embezzler.Many religious institutions are posed to the information and the viewpoints discussed within because masturbation, abortion, homosexuality and other alternative sexual lifestyles are described as being â€Å"perfectly normal. † It's Perfectly Normal has been criticized for mocking religious beliefs by stating â€Å"some religions call masturbation a sin. But masturbating cannot hurt you† (48), and Harris then goes on to provide images of a young boy and young girl masturbating comple te with an explanation how to masturbate.In June 1996, John Chamberlain, a member of the Provo (Utah) Library aid It's Perfectly Normal â€Å"should be banned from the children's section because it's graphic illustrations of male and female anatomy, including sex organs, and its discussions of intercourse, masturbation, and homosexuality† (Forester 205). The Catholic Church believes that â€Å"masturbation is an intrinsically and seriously disordered act† (Vatican) and â€Å"any sexual act outside of marriage not intended for procreation is considered inappropriate† (Vatican).Harris explains that â€Å"sexual intercourse-having sex-can involve the penis and the vagina, or the mouth and the initials, or the penis and the anus† (15). While the book is factually correct, many challenges are based on whether this information is appropriate for children. In 2001, the book was restricted to elementary school pupils with parental permission in Anchorage, Alaska due to objections to the book's â€Å"value statements† and because â€Å"marriage is mentioned once in the whole book, while homosexual relationships are allocated an entire section† (ala. Org). Furthermore, the book was also challenged, but retained in 2002 after a conservative Christian group, the Republican Leadership Council, characterized the book as â€Å"vulgar† and trying â€Å"to minimize or even negate that homosexuality is a problem† (ala. Org). The book has been endorsed by Planned Parenthood, the largest abortion chain in the USA, but in contrast, nowhere does the book describe the virtue of chastity or abstinence (American Life League). Critics say the book promotes abortion by listing nine reasons to have an abortion (Dudgeon).The book's description of the abortion process is very clinical, and it avoids any discussion about whether abortion is morally right or the various social views surrounding the epic. It's Perfectly Normal was challe nged but retained in the children's section of the Mexico-Durian County, Mo. Library in 1997 when a Baptist minister complained not only about this title, but also about other â€Å"material concerning family sensitive issues, such as sexuality, the death of a loved one, or the birth process† (ala. Org). As per a BBC report, â€Å"all the religions have taken strong positions on abortion; they believe that the issue encompasses profound issues of life and death, right and wrong, human relationships and the nature of society, that make it a major religious once† (BBC. Co. UK). Harris wrote the book with the intent to provide facts that â€Å"were accurate and up-to-date and that the text was age-appropriate† (arbitrators. Com).She later commented that â€Å"l knew that illustrator Michael Embezzler and I had created a book that provided kids and teens with honest and accurate information, which they have a right to and need in order to stay healthy as they enter and go through puberty and adolescence† (Crispin). Harris succeeded in this regard, and accordingly, the book has been highly recognized and honored by the ALA, Booklets, Child Magazine, The New York Times, Planned Parenthood, and Publishers' Weekly (Floorboards).While some religious groups assert that the book â€Å"goes too far and even boarders on child pornography† (American Life League), â€Å"removal of a book for political, social, or moral reasons is legally prohibited† (Forester 205). The American Library Association's Library Bill of Rights states that â€Å"librarians and governing bodies should maintain that parents-?and only parents-?have the right and the responsibility to restrict the access of their children-?and only their children-?to Barry resources† (Floorboards).

When to Use Dear and Deer

The words dear and deer  are  homophones: they sound alike but have different meanings.As an adjective or adverb, dear means greatly loved or valued, high-priced, or earnest. (Dear is used with a name as a polite form of address.) As a noun, dear refers to a person who is loved or whos endearing. As an interjection, dear is used to express surprise, sympathy, or distress. The noun deer refers to a hoofed, ruminant mammal. (Plural, deer.) Examples It was hard to say goodbye to such dear friends.My family paid a terrible price, perhaps too dear a price for my commitment.(Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, 2008)Her dear students were gaping like guppies, their eyes unblinking and their little mouths opening and closing silently.  (Joan Hess, Dear Miss Demeanor, 2007)She took the fall bravely, whacking her thigh painfully on the dressing-table corner. Oh dear, she gasped. Oh dear, oh dear, oh dear.  (Kate Morton, The Distant Hours, 2010)The deer is a remarkably adaptable animal, one that can live almost anywhere.

Cultural Relativism And Its Impact On The World - 1915 Words

Cultural relativism is the idea that all cultures are equal and no one is better than another. This way of thinking was created and elaborated on by three main philosophers. Franz Boas, Alain Locke and Robert Lowie were nineteenth century philosophers who shaped the ideas on concepts of Cultural Relativism. These three men focused on the idea that one cannot judge other cultures because they only see through eyes that have been influenced by their surroundings. They used relativist ideas that existed already and expressed them on the world and the many different cultures that exist in it. They created a mainly atheistic viewpoint in which the idea of a central moral truth and a higher power was discounted. Only the people within a culture could create moral codes and laws for themselves. Franz Boas was born on July 19, 1858 in Minden, Germany. Boas grew up in a well educated family and was encouraged to follow his own beliefs and think for himself. From a very young age, Fran z Boas was interested in natural history and studied it throughout his years of schooling. He continued his studies and graduated with a degree in physics, even though he considered himself more of a geographer than a physicist. This interest in geography is what drove him to delve deeper into the ideas of cultural difference and led to the beginnings of cultural relativism. Through his studies, Franz Boas became drawn to anthropology, the study of humankind. He became interested inShow MoreRelatedCultural Relativism in Business1590 Words   |  7 Pages Topic: Cultural Relativism In Business Submitted to: Mr. Mehmood Ul Hassan Khalil Submitted by: Waqas Shehzad Class: BBA 5D Cultural Relativism: Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual. Those who hold to cultural relativism hold that all religious, ethical, aesthetic, and political beliefs are completely relative to the individual within a cultural identity. Cultural relativismRead MoreCultural Relativism1386 Words   |  6 PagesJames Rachels essay titled The Challenge of Cultural Relativism is more of a critique over what philosophers call Cultural Relativism. A theory in which states that there is no real sense of morality and that it is one’s own culture that makes up their own morality. A lot of people tend to reason things in the way that Cultural Relativists might, by saying things such as â€Å"Oh, well it’s what that culture does. It’s okay that they’re doing that† however, sometimes people think the opposite â€Å"No, itRead MoreThe Necessity For Objective Moralit y1600 Words   |  7 PagesMorality is a key component to every day life, and due to its large impact on the world, it is often a major topic of discussion and argument. Some people may infer that morality is nothing more than an individual concept, while others, like me, believe it cannot be altered for personal benefit. Accordingly, in this paper I will argue the necessity for objective morality, and furthermore, how if it happened to be objective, the world would be chaotic. While I understand that there are various situationsRead MoreCultural Culture And Its Impact On Our Multicultural World868 Words   |  4 PagesThe world we inhabit today is home to many different individuals representing several cultural and ethnic backgrounds that are all distinct from one another in some shape or form. In today’s modern world, there are struggles between preserving cultural practices and conforming to the notion of â€Å"progress†. Progress, at its core, implies subjectivit y. The word is open to interpretation by whomever, both having positive and negative impacts on our multicultural world. The positives usually come in theRead MoreThe Elements Of Moral Philosophy1407 Words   |  6 Pagespositives and negatives regarding the concept of cultural relativism, but his overall position is that cultural relativism is not a strong philosophy. On the flip side of that Immanuel Kant has a completely different ethical theory that is based around deontology. Despite its positives, cultural relativism cannot be defended against Rachels’ criticism, but Kant’s ethical theory cannot necessarily defeat cultural relativism either. Cultural Relativism is the idea that moral practices and social normsRead MoreBentham And Mill ( 1806-1873 ) And John Stuart Mill Essay1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe most important utilitarian’s in history are Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Bentham and Mill were very important individuals when it came to philosophy. Their theories has had a major impact both on philosophical work and also an impact when it comes too economically, politically, and socially. Utilitarian’s are consequentialist individuals who believe that actions are right inasmuch as they promote happiness. But Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based onRead MoreThe Human Terrain System ( Hts )856 Words   |  4 Pagesa great deal of problems, which are not accounted for but turn out to have a huge impact on the world. Resulting in the false representation and thereby, harm, towards a specific community, the issue of cultural relativism and deaths/injuries to anthropol ogists Using anthropologists in situations like this causes false representation of the community and overall harm to those people, which is displayed to the world. For example, â€Å"Army appears to be using the anthropological information to betterRead MoreWhat is Female Circumsicion Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesFemale Circumcision The World Health Organization defines female circumcision as â€Å"a procedure involving partial or total removal of the external genitalia for cultural, religious, or non-therapeutic reasons(1).† It is commonly practiced by Muslims in Africa and various parts of the Middle East. According to Loretta Kopelman, there are over 80 million women who have had some variation of this procedure. Female circumcision is categorized into three types; Type one is the complete or partial removalRead MoreEssay on The Ethical Dilemma of Defining Moral Absolutes1266 Words   |  6 Pagesview comes into play in an attempt to further define moral guidelines that are relative to the perspective of a society’s cultural norms and beliefs. Robert Fuller and Peter Berger both highlight the positive and negative merits of each ethical point of view and ultimately come to loosely the same conclusion, that neither view is an absolute answer to the question of cultural values and moral beli efs. While both theories do have their positive merits, they also have some flaws that can only be resolvedRead MoreCultural Competence And Why Is It Important1027 Words   |  5 PagesCompetency 1 Understand cultural competence and why is it important especially for that have a diverse workforce. The United States has become increasingly a culturally diverse society. The understanding of cultural relativism in a multicultural working environment can be of a great importance to the success or failure of an organization. What is cultural competency? Before we explain it, let’s take a step back and analyze culture, cultural diversity, and Cultural relativism. Objective 1a: Define

Explore the Ways in Which John Steinbeck Presents He...

Explore the ways in which John Steinbeck presents he character of Lennie in ‘Of Mice and Men’ In this essay I am going to be writing about one of the main characters in John Steinbeck’s novella ‘Of Mice and Men’. The story portrays the travels and arising problems of two migrant workers who share an uncommon friendship for the time and environment in which the novella is set. Lennie Small is the character I will be exploring and I will start off by giving a detailed explanation of his physical appearance and behaviour. Second I will look at his and the other main character George’s relationship which will then be followed by Lennie’s relationships with other characters throughout the book. I will then go on to look at the foreshadowing†¦show more content†¦Due to Lennie’s childlike mind set and George’s fatherly role in Lennie’s life the dream becomes somewhat a bedtime story for Lennie. On several occasions ‘Lennie pleads â€Å"Come on George. Tell me. Please, George. Like you did before.† ‘ w hich further emphasises how much of a child he is due to the fact it makes him calm, happy and almost settled as if he were an infant going to bed. It could also portray the subconscious worries Lennie has so he feels the need to be reassured about their dream. Lennie’s relationships with other characters vary and progress throughout the novella. When Slim, the jerkline skinner, is first introduced to Lennie and George he is taken aback by the oddness of their relationship with each other. He immediately see’s Lennie’s lack of mentality and later on states to George ‘it seems kinda funny, a cuckoo like him and a smart guy like you travelling together’ which is the first opinion Slim reveals towards Lennie. At first he only sees the childlike Lennie but after the situation explained he understands and views Lennie in a completely different light. ‘He’s a nice fella, guy don’t need no sense to be a nice fella’ is a line which Steinbeck wrote to show clearly how Slim respects and likes Lennie as it emphasises that he doesn’t just see the absence of intelligence but the nice guy hidden underneath the childish exterior. Even though Slim doesn’tShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1704 Words   |  7 Pages`Of mice and men` is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novella is a reference to the great depression in California and is set in the 1930’s and portrays the way in which despite the consequences of depressed circumstances, human spirit still survives. During the aftermath of the great depression, which was a very bad period, men hoped to pick up the shattered pieces of their lives. The author, John Steinbeck, illustrates how people, with the help of friendship of dreams, can prevailRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Man 1746 Words   |  7 Pages20262099 06/04/2016 Good and bad in the novella â€Å"Of Mice and man† John Steinbeck present the ideas about good and bad in people through the mannerisms and personality of each character. From the description of the characters, the quotes and dialogue used throughout the novella, we are able to understand the complexity of human nature, how our moral and values are shaped by our environment, social status and intellectual ability. The novella was written in 1937, the title of the book comes from aRead MoreThe Futility Of Dreaming By John Steinbeck942 Words   |  4 Pagesvery nature is to move into the future. John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men explores this theme of futile desire through various relationships and character complexes. This fictional story begins by introducing two men with a relationship built from the very foundations of love. As the novel progresses, we begin questioning innate truths. Steinbeck uses his literary prowess to entwine us within a story of loneliness, loss and morality. The characters hopes and dreams, regardless of outcomeRead MoreExplore The Ways That John Steinbeck Presents Strong Feelings1026 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Explore the ways that John Steinbeck presents strong feelings/attitudes in Of Mice And Men. A strong attitude portrayed in the novel is Racism. John Steinbeck uses the character Crooks in order to represent racism and what it was like for the black community during the Great Depression. The ranchmen and Curleys wife all display racist attitudes towards Crooks, for example in chapter four Curleys Wife says Well you just keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strungRead MoreOf Mice And Men By Robert Burns1623 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Of Mice and Men is a simple story in regards to the fact that it only covers a duration of three days, is set in only four locations and generally uses short sentences written using a simple writing style. Its title is taken from ‘To a Mouse’, which was written by Scottish poet Robert Burns. In this poem, Burns accidentally ploughs through a mouse’s nest, ultimately destroying its home. This title gives the reader an idea of the fate that awaits its characters as its use signifies theRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 Pagesjobs. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down fro m living their dream; they have to run from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporatesRead MoreImportance of Hopes and Dreams1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Hopes and Dreams in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is a touching story of an unusual friendship between two men, George and Lennie. George is a responsible man and has travelled with Lennie for many years, despite the troubles that Lennie gets them both in. George and Lennie’s dream is to be the owners of a little farm. This is the their goal and this is in my opinion, the whole meaning of the story. There are frequent sections in the bookRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN1721 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In the book Of Mice and Men, the single women that appeared in the book resented herself as an object. The statement Women today are more often treated by men as equals rather than objects can be true or false. A man that goes to Gentleman s Cubs every night is a different man that studies at Harvard Law School. A striper is going to be a different person than a CEO of a successful business. It’s all about how you present yourself. In Of Mice and Men, Curley s wife presents herself in a seductiveRead MoreHow Does Steinbeck Make Lennies Death Seem Inevitable in of Mice and Men?1790 Words   |  8 PagesHow does Steinbeck make Lennies death seem inevitable in Of Mice and Men? Of Mice and Men, published by John Steinbeck in 1937, is set in the Salinas Valley of California during the Great Depression.The novels two main characters, George and Lennie, embody the American struggle to survive the Depression, but the novel is timeless because it captures the personal isolation and suffering present in the land of opportunity. During the last scene George tells Lennie to take off his hat and lookRead MoreHow Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters2537 Words   |  11 PagesExplore some of the ways in which Steinbeck presents disadvantaged characters in the novel In 1937, the American author John Steinbeck published Of mice and Men. Set in the Salinas Valley of California, it conveys the story of the struggles of the American people during The Great Depression. The Great Depression was a massive devastation throughout the whole of America where people suffered and the economy was at a huge crisis. The Unemployment rose from 3% to 26% and many people had died

Analysis Between Dutch Baroque and French Realism Free Essays

Analysis Between Dutch Baroque and French Realism BY Kayaking Analysis Between Dutch Baroque and French Realism Johannes Vermeer The Milkmaid Circa 1657-1658 45. Xx CM Jean-Franà §ois Millet Woman Baking Bread 1854 55 x 46 CM Rasmussen, Amsterdam, Netherlands Rasmussen, Otter, Netherlands Oil Painting Oil Painting Dutch Baroque vs.. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis Between Dutch Baroque and French Realism or any similar topic only for you Order Now French Realism Throughout the ages, art has been one of many ways to communicate with our history. Every painting, drawing, sculpture, etc. Tells us a story of that time period and if we look hard enough, we can even feel what the people of that time may have been lining. In this essay, two pieces of art will be introduced and interpreted: The Milkmaid (circa 1657-1658) by Johannes Vermeer which is a Dutch Baroque oil painting that’s 45. 5 x 41 CM located in Rasmussen, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Woman Baking Bread (1854) by Jean-Franà §ois Millet which is a French Realism oil painting that’s 55 x 46 CM located in Rasmussen Kerr ¶leer-MÃ'Ëœleer, Otter, Netherlands. The agenda of this comparison is to understand different styles between the Dutch Baroque and French Realism, and to show how Vermeer and Millet deal with the same every day domestic theme in a different way. During the 17th century, artists were focusing more on emotion and drama, also known as the Baroque time period. The overall style of Baroque art in paintings is â€Å"detailed realism in portraits, expansive landscapes, and a focus on the dramatic including the contrast between light and shadow and the use of rich, deep colors. † (Minded, 2. 05) Vermeer worked mainly in the Dutch Baroque style and does a magnificent Job in portraying and bringing to life an everyday task in the life of a servant girl in The Milkmaid. On the other hand, Woman Baking Bread was painted in the Realist style during the 19th century. More specifically, this piece of art was painted in the French Realist style, which came about after the Revolution of 1848. Millet’s â€Å"use of a simple, natural style with warmer colors and heavy application of paint† (Minded, 3. 15) are characteristic traits in a Realist painting. Both works of art magnificently depicts the everyday domestic life. True to both styles, they both realistically depict a woman doing an every day task. Vermeer’s is that of a milkmaid oaring milk and Millet’s is that of a woman baking bread. However, both were painted in very different ways. Whereas Vermeer’s work is a prime example of a Dutch Baroque painting with its realistic way of portraying an everyday task, the use of bold colors, the detail, and the deep contrast between light and dark, Millet’s work is a prime example of a French Realist painting where the colors are warmer and much more simple. Vermeer was well known for his painstaking attention to detail. For example, â€Å"the Jug and hands of the servant in The Milkmaid reveals a number of enticements, created as the artist struggled to depict them convincingly. (Frantic, 7) How to cite Analysis Between Dutch Baroque and French Realism, Papers

The Transformational Leadership-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a Review Reflection on Transformational Leadership and Performance Across Criteria and Levels-A Meta Analytic Review of 25 years of Research. Answer: Reflection Over the last three decades, the transformational leadership has emerged as being one of the eminent paradigms to be able to recognize the effectiveness of the leadership. The transformational philosophy continues to be depending on the notion that numerous leader behavior might enhance the followers values, needs, aspirations, priorities and motivate all of them to be able to execute far beyond the call of the duty (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). One significant construct that captures the performance of the followers that beyond the call of the duty is an organizational environment which support on the performance of the task. In the current complex and fast paced organizations, I have learnt that the employees extra role behavior which will go beyond the limited list of the responsibilities they have become important for the success of the organization. The organizational citizen behavior is associated to the satisfaction of the customers, low turnover, with the high in the ro le of the performance. When it comes to the leader follower relationship, the OCB could be suited best to reflect the follower performance consequences (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). Engaging in or even withholding voluntary extra role behavior is a more flexible and saver means in repaying leader treatment as compared to the task performance. I have learnt that the transformational leadership is related positively to the performance across the numerous criterion kinds in addition to levels of the analysis. The transformational leadership generally has a more powerful relationship with regards to the individual level contextual performance compared to the personal level task performance (Wang, Courtright Colbert, 2011). I have also found out that the transformational leadership continues to be positively associated with the team and organization level performance. The transformational leadership theory usually emphasize on the critical role when it comes to the transformational leaders when it comes to improving the performance all across the various levels of the organizations. In most of the case the transformational leaders usually express their confidence that the team would achieve their goals, which leads to the higher levels of the potency of the team (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). The transformational leaders in most of the case encourage higher levels of the team cohesion and this has showed to facilitate coordination and cooperation among the group members. I have known that transformational leadership behaviors are important for initiating the relationship. At the degree of the business the transformational leaders impact certainly the performance via communication of vision which serves to encourage the workers and at the same time align their efforts (Wang, Courtright, Colbert, 2011). The transformational leaders also have been discovered to effect the performance of the business through the direct leadership to the company leaders of the team. These people are getting to be the role model especially to the leaders at the lower levels, which promotes the transformational leadership via the organization. I have also identified that transformational leaders could impact on the organizational performance through the influence on the organizational climate, systems as well as strategies, hence resulting to the work environment to be more conductive to the transformational leadership. Reference Wang, G., Oh, I. S., Courtright, S. H., Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research. Group Organization Management, 36(2), 223-270